The grinding and polishing steps in a metallographic preparation method can be accomplished in many ways and combinations. most steps are performed on a table-top unit that can be used for both grinding and polishing. There are also systems that are strictly for grinding.

The goal of any method is to prepare a final polished specimen free of deformation and suitable for analysis. The initial abrasive size should be as small as possible, yet be able to create a flat surface and remove any sectioning deformation. Each subsequent step should induce as little deformation as possible while removing any damage from the previous step. Using adequate lubrication, most commonly water, throughout the process will aid in minimizing deformation.